Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. Most of the food you eat is broken down into sugar (also called glucose) and released into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your body’s cells for use as energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make. Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

What Are the Types of Diabetes?

  • Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that make insulin.

  • Type 2 Diabetes: The body doesn't make or use insulin well.

  • Gestational Diabetes: Develops in pregnant women who did not have diabetes before.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms can vary depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with type 2 diabetes, may sometimes not experience any symptoms at all. Some general symptoms include:

  • Increased thirst

  • Frequent urination

  • Extreme hunger

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Blurred vision

  • Slow-healing sores

  • Frequent infections

  • Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase your risk of diabetes, including:

  • Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes.

  • Weight: Being overweight or obese.

  • Inactivity: Lack of physical activity.

  • Age: Risk increases as you get older.

  • Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups are at higher risk.

Prevention and Management

While not all types of diabetes can be prevented, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Here are some tips:

  • Healthy eating: Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

  • Regular exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week.

  • Maintain a healthy weight: Losing even a small amount of weight can make a big difference.

  • Regular check-ups: Get regular health screenings to monitor blood sugar levels.

Living with Diabetes

Managing diabetes requires ongoing care and attention. This includes:

  • Monitoring blood sugar levels: Regular testing is crucial.

  • Medication: Following prescribed medication schedules.

  • Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine.

  • Regular doctor visits: Working closely with your healthcare team.

Remember, this information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.